Humanities Discussion Questions

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1. Identify one figure who brought Hinduism into the Consciousness of Western

Civilization? How did this figure help the West to appreciate Hinduism? (Two parts comprise this response. Each component is six points: 12 points total)

            Hinduism came to Consciousness in Western Civilization even before the British Industrial Revolution, which was approximately 1789. The Hindu influence in the West was brought due to the Hindu’s Naval architectural superiority, which they helped to build sailing ships for the European nations. Hinduism is a culture and main religion originating from South Asia and India, which evolved from the Vedic Religion (Untara et al., 2020). Mahatma Gandhi is one of the most renowned Hindu and Indian public figures who made Hinduism conscious of Western Civilization.

Mahatma Gandhi was a crucial figure in India’s Independence as a revolutionist and leader of the nationalist movement against British colonial rule. He helped to make India and, mainly, Hinduism comes to Consciousness to the western civilization as they were continuing to oppress the Indians and Asians as they thought their culture, religion, and system of government was weak. Mahatma Gandhi led India to attain its independence from the British and made Hinduism Consciousness in Western Civilization.

 

1. B) identify and evaluate two significant differences between Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism. (Two parts comprise this response. Each component is six points: 12 points total)

                        Buddhism has been divided into two main divisions or schools- that is Theravada <can use hyphen> and Mahayana Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhists. Mahayana Buddhism is a school of Buddhism, and it includes Tibetan and Zen Buddhism. The Buddhists of Mahayana believe that they can attain clarity by following Buddha’s lessons. The objective of a Buddhist of Mahayana can be to become a Bodhisattva, and through its Six Perfections, this is accomplished. In Mahayana Buddhism, compassion is essential. Therefore, Bodhisattvas choose to remain in the samsara cycle to help others gain both themselves and enlightenment. Buddhism of Theravada is also named Southern Buddhism. Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Burma are among the strongest Buddhists of Theravada. The term refers to the “doctrine of the elders” – the elders are the chief Buddhist monks. Theravada believes it was closest to the Buddha’s original teachings.

The two schools of Buddhism have a significant distinction between Buddhists of Theravada and Mahayana. The critical difference is that Buddhist Theravada strives to become an Arhat. Mahayana Buddhists choose to remain in the Samsara cycle out of sympathy with others. Another significant difference or distinction in the schools of Buddhism is that Theravada is relatively unified, whereas the traditions of Mahayana are generally more independent.

1. C) Discuss the contribution of Jainism to Religion and the West by doing two things. (1) Delineate the Jain idea you plan to treat: (2) show how this Jain doctrine affected theology or social ethics in the Black experience. (Two parts comprise this Each component is six points: 12 points total)

            Jainism is an Indian religion that teaches all living beings a spiritual purity path and illumination through nonviolence discipline. Janam has dramatically been involved in the growth of linguistics and literature.  Jainism is an old Indian religion and continues to flourish, together with other religions, in various parts of India from the rude old age to the present day (Gombrich, 2018). Jainas, the Jainism supporters, have been found throughout ancient times throughout India. The Jainism is also known throughout the world for strict observance of their daily religious practices

Jain philosophy refers to the ancient Indian system of Jainism philosophy. One of Jain’s main features is his dualistic metaphysics that argues that there are two different categories of life, the living, conscious and sensitive being (jiva) and the not living or material being (ajiva). I plan to treat a doctrine in the scripture as absolute truth. Ahimsa is the standard in Jainism by which every action is judged. The practice of ahimsa demands a householder who observes minor vows that no animal life is killed. Ahimsa is the standard in Jainism by which every action is judged. The practice of ahimsa demands a householder who observes minor vows that no animal life is killed, which has affected the Black experience.

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1. D) Explain how the notions of ren and li function in Confucianism. (Two parts comprise

this response. Each component is six points: 12 points total)

            Li, a Confucian concept, frequently made “ritual,” “proper behavior,” or “property.” The court rites initially related to the maintenance of social and cosmic order. However, the Confucians reinterpreted it as formal social roles and institutions, which in their opinion, had been abstracted from cosmic models to order life in the congregation (Hu, Bo et al., 2018). Li has come to mean traditional standards from habitual patterns, resulting in a new concept of an internal code of civility that defines proper human behavior. Ren is Confucianism’s fundamental virtue. It characterizes a human being’s bearing and behavior to promote a prosperous human community. Confucius considered that a man and anchor a government could be established in rites or rituals (Li), which included and expressed proper human behavior at every level of life and that they should be at-home practice. “Nothing else than your illness gives your parents cause for concern,” he said. “When your parents are living, don’t go far away and you have to tell them exactly where you are going when you have to go.

1. E) Cast light on two significant differences between Religious and Philosophical Daoism. (Two parts comprise this response. Each component B SIN points: 1 point total)

            The philosophy of Daoism is based upon Lao-writing Tzu’s and promotes humility and religious piety. Daoism is a field of  Before the religious Daoism, Dao De Jing was written. During the Spring and Autumn Warring States (~600 to ~200bc), the philosophical Daoism (hereafter I refer to as the Dao School) was born after the fall of the Feudalistic Zhou dynasty. Daoism is a crucial moment in the history of China since every feudal warlord became a regional power after the fall of the Zhou dynasty, with the beginning of predictable conquest and consumption.

The eminent translators of Wing-Tsit Chan and James Legge, both of which speak of the Daoism religion as a degeneration of the new Daoist philosophy that emerged from the time of the Hellish Masters (see below) in the late Han, must lay some responsibility for prejudice to Daoism as a Religion and privilege its first forums as a pure philosophical pure. Proper to the feet Chan and Legge were instrumental west-central architects because of a completely different tradition of Daoist philosophy (Dao Jia) and Daoist (laojiao).

 

1. F) What does it mean to say that kami “saturate” the cosmos? Would this view support a biocentric, anthropocentric, or ecocentric position on the relationship of agents to the External World? Give two reasons to support your argument. (4, Each component is three points: 12 points total)

Kami refers to God, as translated from the Japanese. It contrasts its definition in the English language. Kami was portrayed as creative subjects, concrete objects, and work processes (Akbar, 2018). Kami behaved just as human beings in other countries as gods of many myths. But kami were not adorned as concrete images, which is quite different from Buddhism in most cases. Kami was often thought to work through a kami’s spirit through a yorishiro, a medium or symbol. It is well known for its stones, rocks, trees, boughs, animals, jade balls, and swords.  This yorishiro has often been known as the kami body. 2 It is fascinating among this yorishiro that mountains were regarded as the sacrament of the kami and the body itself kami. Such peaks are called Shintaizan now, and the most famous of which is Mt. Miwa. Therefore it’s not a problem to worship kami at any time without a permanent building or construction to consecrate them.

 

1. G) Cite one central point of contact and disagreement between Sikhs and Muslims and Sikhs and Hindus. (Two parts comprise this response. Each component is six points: 12 points total)

            Sikhs is a term referring to followers of the religion called Sikhism. Muslims are the followers or believers of the Muslim faith. At the same time, Hindus are the believers or followers of the Hinduism religion (Sohi et al., 2018). All these religions have various commonalities and contrasts or distinguish them, which makes each of them unique. Both Sikhs and Muslims have the same concept of God as a supreme being who created and controlled the world. And also, they are both monotheistic—the two religions contrast in many ways, which include that Sikhism practices proselytism while muslins don’t.

The Indian religions are Hinduism and Sikhism. Hinduism comes from prehistory, while Guru Nanak founded Sikhism in the 15th century. Both religions share many philosophical notions such as karma, dharma, Mukti, and Maya, although some differ. The Sikh Community defended Hindus and other non-Muslims, who were forcibly converted into Islam in the days of the Mughal Empire.

1. H) Does the the-ethical ethos in the Baha’i program possess the intellectual capital to bring about world unity? Cite to ideas and move forward with your argument as to why these ideas in the Baha’i plan succeed or fail. (Three parts comprise this response. Each component is four points: 12 points total)

            The Baha’i Faith is a dynamic world religion with millions of followers from various religious and cultural backgrounds. Baha’u’llah, and Baha’i, is the most recent series of divine messengers, are the main characters of the Religion (Scharbrodt et al., 2019). The Bahai faith is at the heart of its writings that promote peace and unity. He was a native of the Iranian notable, but he spent his life in exile within the Ottoman Empire because he engaged with the Babi movement and subsequent claims of a divine mission. The Baha’i program posses the intellectual capital to bring world peace and unity since it is inclusive of many religions and cultures.

Baha’i will notably successfully bring the world’s unity since it is evident in its goals and intentions, which have encouraged millions of people to join while more are still entering. It is also inclusive of many religions and culture which guarantees it its success to bringing world unity. Baha’i has proven to have the required capital to bring world peace which guarantees its success.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Work Cited singular

Akbar, Mobasher Jawed. India: The Seige Within. Roli Books Private Limited, 2018.

Sohi, Khushbeen Kaur, Purnima Singh, and Krutika Bopanna. “Ritual participation, sense of community, and social well-being: a study of seva in the Sikh community.” Journal of Religion and Health 57.6 (2018): 2066-2078.

Gombrich, Richard F. How Buddhism began: The conditioned genesis of the early teachings. Routledge, 2019.

Hartati, Y. S., et al. “Hermeneutic in Indonesian Classic Literature.” ICEL 2019: First International Conference on Advances in Education, Humanities, and Language, ICEL 2019, Malang, Indonesia, 23-24 March 2019. European Alliance for Innovation, 2019.

Hu, Bo, et al. “Research on the Evolution of “Ren” and “Li” in SikuQuanshu Confucian Classics.” Frontiers in Psychology 12 (2021).

Scharbrodt, Oliver. Islam and the Baha’i Faith: A Comparative Study of Muhammad’ Abduh and ‘Abdul-Baha ‘Abbas. Routledge, 2019.

Untara, I. Made Gami Sandi, and Ni Wayan Sri Rahayu. “Bissu: Ancient Bugis Priest (Perspective On The Influence Of Hindu Civilization In Bugis Land).” Vidyottam Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies 4.2 (2020): 243-249.

References should be ascending order and each source here must have in-text citation

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