Chapter 2.0: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
There is no hempcrete-compared commodity with its several advantages. Concrete, moulded cement, stucco and the conventional material of a house were the current competitors and substructures of hempcrete. All the hempcrete is natural and the other components are manufactured or require a chemical binder synthetically. The rivals and alternate businesses working on the hempcrete dog house use timber, plastic or metal for building houses with their existing companies on the market. Petmate is one of the most successful companies in the development of pet care solutions. The firm has premade its doghouses or requires any mounting. Some doghouses can clip together, while others can keep the product by using screws. Petmate is a player in the market to develop livestock solutions and employs alternative timber materials. The group has also added a bamboo brand and even develops the concept of environmentally sustainable goods. Persons who may want to insulate their homes will not choose to use fibreglass or fabrics which are detrimental to the atmosphere. There are several different approaches to isolate a home and any conventional approach may be dangerous for people and the community. An Architecture Consultant provides construction, technical and contracting facilities and even manages partnerships with its subcontractors. Contract owners can favour the design-build project delivery process since it decreases the construction period of the project and provides a single project burden. Integrated project management is an evolving form of project execution, which uses a team-based approach to development and design. In this model, the project partners conclude a multiparter arrangement and function together throughout the design and development phase. The multiparty arrangement harmonises both parties’ incentives by including incentives dependent on project success.
2.2 Role of the Construction Project Manager
As this substance is relatively recent, there is no study on it as a material. In the USA, the ban just recently ended 80 years of hemp. In reality, the majority of businesses currently using Hempcrete only have access to it for a few years. A tonne of old experience has been forgotten on constructing a hemp building and building businesses must study again. Therefore, finding a business specialising in hempcrete use in your field is an obstacle. There are no uniform processes for the production of hemp. That implies that hempcrete is currently a substance that is chemically stable and non-structural only. The only way of the building using hempcrete currently clinically validated is the wood frame structure. Building professionals claim hempcrete has a small number of applications. It has a high moisture manipulation capability. This has some benefits, but it also ensures that businesses cannot use it for sea or underground work. Also, in some environments, it is probably inappropriate for usage. In a hempcrete house, for example, extremely warm climates with high humidity could increase the heat. It is also inappropriate for people living in areas like Coastal India or South France. Hempcrete still has to dry for up to 8 weeks and is caused by the shift in temperature. The biggest problem might be the poor compression quality. The compressive power of hempcrete is at most 2.5 megapascals (MPa). The lowest compressive force of concrete, by comparison, is about 17 MPa. Building companies cannot however use hempcrete in heavy load bearing works. The fact that the content is relatively recent suggests higher prices in current times. This will shift when the content is more often used. However, it’s undoubtedly more expensive than steel still. Best forecasts say that you should conclude that the price of hempcrete would at least triple. You will find that the hempcrete upfront expense is uncomfortable. Over everything, it is not as straightforward as you believe to locate hempcrete. In the next part, we clarify the causes. Experts of hempcrete building are difficult to find and would probably cost more than businesses using concrete.
2.3 General Contractors vs Subcontractors in Hempcrete Construction Project Management
It doesn’t worth it for hemp farmers because hempcrete is increasing. In the end, material prices will drop in the future. This ensures that growers get less than they get for hemp now. They are already unable to earn more than $35 per acre. This benefit is until prices are taken into consideration during seed planting. Until usage in hempcrete, hemp has been decorticated, isolated and shipped. These additional expenses are playing in the hands of a farmer. When the CBD business is too profitable there is no reason to move down that road. Agriculturalists who cultivate cannabidiol hemp would get even higher prices for their seeds. It’s much less expensive. Though hemp is legal in the United States, growing efforts remain relatively limited in several states. Again, for the CBD sector, most of the crops are. There are also scores of countries worldwide that do not want hemp to flourish or to use. A potential vulnerability is one of the benefits of hempcrete. Hempcrete walls are thicker than most facilities as used in manufacturing. The consequence is a higher degree of isolation for homeowners. This is great news for those who want to reduce their electricity charges. You will restrict the usage of heating in cooler months with improved insulation. Hempcrete is unsuitable for carrying walls, as we discussed earlier. This is because of the long healing period. Certain industries made hempcrete bricks to try to solve this problem. These bricks require less time to be cured and can then be stacked like cinder blocks by builders. These bricks, though, are found to be slightly thicker. You would then have less room to live. If you try to sell your house, this becomes a matter. In the US, a modern single-family house has an average price of $119.61 a square metre.
2.4 Construction Project Management in the Pre-Construction Phase
Cast-on-site hempcrete can be difficult to deal with before some core principles and methods are recognised as a relatively modern material that is more unusual than traditional materials. The only drawback to the recent accelerated adoption of hempcrete as a construction material in the UK is that there are examples where an incomprehension of the material and proper construction methods leads to issues with the building method. This is particularly popular when inexperienced entrepreneurs anticipate hempcrete to function like traditional constructive materials. But the issues that do exist are generally not long-lasting or severe and casting hempcrete on site is a simple and enjoyable way to create with a little technical information and proper preparation. For large-scale commercial ventures, the cast-in-situ hempcrete drying period will create problems with the plan as the drying time may vary according to weather conditions. Therefore, a precast hempcrete application (blocks and panels) is often suggested for projects at a commercial level. Hempcrete is a unique organic construction substance made up of hemp hurdles, a mineral lip (lime) and water. As mixed, “a chemical reaction happens between the lime binder and the water, which causes the binder to firm up and the hurdy particles to glue together. It may generally be called “bonded isolation of cellulose.” The Roman Empire goes back to Hempcrete when, more than two thousand years ago, the Gaul’s used the hemp-like substance to erect a large bridge. At that time, in regions such as Asia and Europe, hempcrete has gained popularity; it has until recently been illegal in the USA. The Hemp Farming Act was adopted in 2018, though, and the US industry opened its doors for the use of hemp. Analyses show that ‘[a] bill of industrial hemp having a concentration of no more than 0.3 per cent of tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, removes it from Schedule I, of the Controlled Substances Act.’ [la] Bill of industrial hemp that contains by submitting a plan to the Ministry of Agriculture, the countries and tribes can regulate hemp output (USDA). The bill also allows hemp manufacturers to be subject to the USDA study grant.
2.5 The Role of CPMs in Project Design
The administration of construction projects is a complex career that needs a specific combination of technical management skills and the ability to effectively organise and collaborate with others. Effective project management is an essential element of project success when project managers take hundreds of actions that have a significant effect on the project timeline and budget. Project management Let to know how to become a project manager. The job of construction project managers is to take accountability for and project’s completion, in line with the performance goals specified in the construction contract. A project manager who is hired by a general contractor manages the whole life cycle of a building project. Subcontracting organisations’ project managers have a similar position, but are accountable for just part of the project, but not for the whole thing. A general contractor and a subcontractor have separate positions of the project in the building. General contractors are often under exclusive contract with the project proprietor, while subcontractors are often contracted for a particular section of the building contract by the contracting party. Work arrangements between general contractors and subcontractors depend on the method of execution chosen by the project owner. General contractors aim to create a reputation for quality service with the expectation of recruiting more project owners in future to work for it. Subcontractors are, in comparison, more interested in building favourable relationships with contractors that might contribute to potential employment opportunities. Subcontractors are often more specific with some businesses or operations, making cost estimation and planning function easier for them. Since they vary, contractors and “subsidies” are motivated and aimed at preparing projects in great measure. All parties must comply with the technical requirements specified in their contracts and all must adhere to a project timeline and budget to make profits. Subcontractors, as contractors in general, must successfully be planning work for the location, optimising the use of resources, monitoring expenses and monitoring the production of labour.
2.6 Construction Project Management in the Construction Phase
A building project involves the participation and cooperation of many stakeholders. The project is started by a proprietor of the project. The aesthetic and technological dimensions of construction design require architects and engineers. There is a general contractor to carry out the construction. The general contractor hires a consultant who is in charge of the planning and spending of the project. Any or more of the tasks required by the contract can be done by the general contractor. They can also employ subcontractors to fulfil any of the project needs. The design and development processes are completely differentiated in the design-bid-making procedure. The business owner employs an artist to develop the project, but he does not choose an entrepreneur until the design process is over. The owner of the project is offered by the builders for service after the plan has been finalised. This approach is common because it enables project owners to provide contractors with very particular project specifications. When a contractor has been chosen, one or more subcontracting firms will be hired to have various job aspects. Plan construction is an option to design-offer-construction, which aims to reduce the construction periods by the same group in the design and construction processes. An architecture, engineering and contracting company provides facilities and manages partnerships with sub-constructors, whose services supplement their skills. Project owners can favour the method of project delivery because it decreases the completion period of the project and establishes a central responsibility point for the whole project. An integrated project implementation is an evolving form of project management using a team-oriented approach to design and development. The project stakeholders sign a multi-party arrangement in this model and collaborate during design and development processes. The MUA aligns the incentives of both participants, providing incentives based on the project’s success. Close cooperation between architects, construction engineers, technically qualified experts, the MEP contractors and the project manager helps minimise waste throughout the entire phase and promotes each contributor to look past their roles and concentrate on optimising project results for the whole team.
2.7 Managing Procurement in the Construction Phase
Integrated distribution of work is a creative project delivery approach based on the IPD system that integrates lean building principles and the US Design-Build Institute. The ILD system involves the preparation, budgeting and arranging procedure of the project by subcontracting organisations. The original multi-partner arrangement will also involve subcontractors to keep them responsible for the supply of labour and the distribution of responsibility and rewards on projects. Depending on the distribution model, subcontractors can participate in projects in many different ways. Subcontractors are playing a comparatively limited part in project execution within a contract for design bids since they are entered into during the construction stage and paid an employee fee. The ILD model involves subcontractors extensively at any point of the building chain from preparation to fabrication and execution. A comprehensive timeline that takes into consideration even the slightest work on the building site will guarantee that the project reaches the final date. Plan planning enables supervisors to organise the involvement of several sub-contractors and the order of businesses in the workplace to improve work efficiency. Project managers use many strategies in the creation of dynamic building schedules that help to achieve performance. Gantt Charts provide an easy way to provide a variety of detail on how to plan a project. A Gantt diagram is a straightforward graph of a one-axis calendar and a project priority list on the second axis. The bars on the charts show the length of each mission in the project schedule. At a glance, you can see where the project starts and finishes, what roles are described in the work-out process, how long each job begins, ends and ends and tasks overlap. The part played in project design by project managers depends heavily on the implementation process. Project managers do not enter the project until the concept is finished while design and development take place independently in a design offer construction project. In comparison, project managers collaborate with developers, engineers and subcontractors to achieve streamlined labour delivery. In this situation, project managers will participate significantly in the supervision and coordination of the design process with engineers and architects to ensure that technical project demands are met.
2.8 Managing Change in the Construction Phase
Construction project managers lead and assist in pre-construction preparation and organisation events. During the design stage, the project manager invests less time in the production of new proposals and relatively more time monitoring building progress, tracking the project progress concerning established targets, and ensuring a timely and on-budget project conclusion. The main project expenditure and the timeline were expended on the development process. In the pre-built period during which project managers prepare and plan the project in detail, just 7-12% of the project’s overall budget is usually used, whilst the project process itself amounts to 90%. During the pre-construction process, qualified construction project managers prepare thoroughly to ensure optimum use of capital in construction. As work starts and project managers tend to concentrate more on tracking the development and day-to-day maintenance operations, organising activities and risk managing should continue to be focused. Contract management must always recognise dangerous factors and establish mitigation measures to safeguard the planning and the expenditure of the project. In addition to the ongoing preparation and risk assessment, five main projects are undertaken by project managers during the building process. The project managers have the responsibility to organise the acquisition of project supplies and to supply the materials at the workplace in line with the timeline for this project. Project managers shall buy products that follow the professional requirements for each aspect of the project as decided during the submission phase by the architect and designers. Effective sourcing and management of supplies provide a considerable effect on project results. Workers on the site need to have access to the supplies needed to execute their specific duties according to the timetable for the project; otherwise, due to low worker efficiency, the project would slip behind schedule. To be the cheapest price for products that meet the technological demands of the project, the Project Manager must bargain smartly and choose suppliers such that the job is carried out at a benefit. Building project managers may use various techniques for selecting suppliers and organising workplace materials. A project manager can request RFQs from various suppliers to provide quotations for a certain amount and condition of the products. A quotation is required by a project manager. Their evaluations can include expense, consistency, danger, financial stability, service characteristics and payment choices. They may still retain ties with suppliers that have already fulfilled their requirements in the past or they will have to negotiate with a designated supplier for new products employing a building contract.
2.9 Document Control and Records Management for Construction
Building project management must therefore create a plan to ensure material is accessible on-site as needed. If the supplies are all shipped to the worksite, they may take so much room. Often subcontracting companies have building material for ship suppliers to a different storage position outside the worksite. Here, they organise the supplies and ship them to the workplace as needed that day. The preservation of a supplies depot near the workstation facilitates the shipments to the workstation every day of the necessary materials. When the pre-building stage has been fully finished, new development designs cannot be developed during the construction stage. However, often the owner of the project orders a modification or unexpected conditions require a change in the original nature of the project. The project managers must aim to reduce the need for modifications, by carefully evaluating workplaces and working environments and by correctly assessing hazards during pre-construction and construction phases. The planner, contractors, engineers or the project owner will make changes. Changes. Until construction starts, it is ideal to carry out the project design as required, with modifications demanded originating from the owner of the project directly. Project managers must incorporate a change management protocol to oversee the design change phase, ensure the protection and performance specifications of any design modification are checked and guarantee the client is adequately responsible for modifications. Building project managers are implementing tools for changing order scheduling and monitoring to ensure modifications are correctly billed and completed on-site by the client. A proposing modification is defined by the electronic order of change, the requestor of change and the rationale for the amendment, however, it continues to be the responsibility of the project managers to evaluate and mitigate the risks related to change, to determine the potential impact of the change and eventually endorse the proposal or oppose it. The project teams must work together to assess the cost-effectiveness of possible modifications and any new modifications to be adopted by the project partners should be explicitly identified and decided on as needed.
2.10 Project management in Hempcrete construction vs Concrete construction
As project managers aim for systematic projects preparation to minimise the need for modification, much of the cost reduction activities take place in the development phase. Decisions taken during the planning phase decide up to 80% of the project expense although just 20% of building cost. Nevertheless, the project managers must practise project expenditure control to ensure that the project is both sustainable and rentable by evaluating the accumulation of work toward the cash-flow schedule (availability of funds). Construction project management can work on maintaining the latest forecast of the final project costs and the potential money flows in an updated expense schedule. Daily reporting of the expenditure should be sent to the project owners and other stakeholders describing the actual project expense condition. In addition to the expected schedule, project management will utilise graphics to visually represent the expense efficiency of the project. Project managers depend on regular workplace data to measure the task progress, calculate overall expenses, and equate these numbers to their original timeline as well as expense estimates based on labour and resource use accounts. The pre-construction process already produces an enormous number of materials, but building project managers must retain a paper tracking and record-keeping framework during construction. Project managers work with a project implementation committee to develop and deliver a full project timeline and plan during the pre-construction stage. They are responsible here for the management and compilation of submissions, architectural draughts, technical requirements and other details. If a worker cannot know what tasks are being carried out, he or she may send an RFI for further details, such as a copy of a sketch or a paper sent. A project manager must ensure that the correct details are often included when referring to RFIs from the correct version of the plans as inconsistencies in the correspondence will also contribute to expensive repairs. Daily building assessments may be regularly checked to see if the project is going soothingly, but usually, they are often the most relevant kind of facts used to challenge a design contract disagreement. Regular construction notes may in future be used for years to demonstrate where specific projects were performed on the job site and how they were performed, so subcontractors could log them correctly.
2.11 Hempcrete construction project management challenges
The change control mechanism should be subjected to rather modification order and filed for reference later somewhere secure. The cloud-based project management tool subserves as a database document for subscribers to ensure safe document preservation and that all project stakeholders have access to the new releases. When a building job is completed, the project manager should log the completion of the project. The project manager could check that all activities in the job breakdown structure were performed in compliance with the quality requirements specified in the original project management plan. Any change orders to ensure that the modifications are completed as defined and mirrored in the in factures and budget documents should also be reviewed. From an accounting, standpoint to close the project is the completion of the project account, the payment to all subcontractors, manufacturers, and providers and the drafting of reports on the project’s financial results. A transfer technique is just the shift from the management of the builder of the finished building and worksite into the possession of the owner of the project.
The property owner should be interviewed to ensure that the building satisfies required structural requirements and qualitative criteria and a final review of this project should be conducted. As part of the handover plan, all the documents and paperwork required to manage the building must be given to the project owner. Which covers topics like building schematics, building part owner/operator guides, and construction utility management guidance and other functions. The owner of the project may start a guarantee duration when he believes that the building is occupied during which he or she is responsible for building defects. Project managers in the building industry are expected to complete each project by evaluating their results and analysing objectively how they may enhance work in potential projects. Some project managers work exceptionally well alongside others in the preparation process, but lack experience in expense management and scheduling. Other project managers are outstanding in mission management, but not necessarily working well together. Whatever your speciality, you can find opportunities to enhance your strengths and improve your shortcomings constantly.
2.12 Project management skills for Hempcrete construction
Exceptional project managers benefit from achievement and loss and aspire constantly to better their jobs. In addition to the personal performance analysis, project managers are often accountable for the project’s final results and performance. Project managers may revert to the project plan for the implementation of crucial performance indicators or if their intended or expected benefit results, targets fulfilled, work of quality produced etc. have been accomplished. This also allows project managers to attempt to compare such decisions on their project management with project results to decide which tactics worked out and which did not. It may be helpful to assess other parties’ success and to decide if seeking a continuous relationship with other project stakeholders is fruitful. The closing of the project is the best moment, based on good work, to improve partnerships with future industry stakeholders. Building projects generate vast quantities of documents across all planning, installation and finalisation processes. When the project is over it will be a big error if all these records were thrown into the garbage or filed where they would never be seen. If owing to faulty building work or incompetence, a lawsuit is made against a contractor or subcontractor, the project files serve as a valuable proof point.
The response depends on the relevant legislation in the jurisdiction in which the work was conducted. Some countries have time limits to file an action, a form of rule known as limits. Others have resting states that shield developers and engineers from endless liabilities by enforcing a time limit to act against the designers. The safest and more economical way to save project files for a contractor is to store electronic information. The subproject management software facilitates the store and management of project files by organisations. To include potential forecasts and employment costing practices and as a valuable source of results details on work done by the contractors on the worksite, project archives can be used to defend the lawsuit. In ensuring the progress of each stage of the building project existence, project managers play an important role. The project managers exert power over the project life cycle, through their organising, supervision and managerial tasks, to achieve their vital performance factors and to generate value for their employer and project owner outcomes. Project managers of the subcontractors will profit from the sub’s designed project management framework. With the sub, subscribers have access to a series of resources that make it simpler to track, upload, and handle project documentation on their worksite, collaborate with partners and create an archive of project files that can be used for job costing and lawsuit protection.
2.13 Summary of overall findings
Construction project managers are using tools for the monitoring of changing orders and recording to ensure the modifications are correctly accounted for and performed on the job site. The order for electronic reform outlines the change being sought, who requests the amendment and the justification for the change, although it is also the responsibility of project management to evaluate and mitigate the risks related to the change, determine whether the change may have any implications and eventually approve or oppose the proposed modification. To assess the cost-vs worth of possible improvements, project teams must coordinate and any new changes to be adopted should be explicitly identified and accepted by all project stakeholders as required. The project managers take a leadership role in managing the workplace. Construction management is responsible for holding the project on track, a goal that can be nurtured during the development process by improving labour efficiency. Construction management must gather reports from the building site to track the productivity of the job accurately to ensure that work takes place on time. Which includes consistent and continuous information flow from the workplace, mostly as working records and everyday task reports. Project managers rely on their field colleagues to ensure the exact knowledge is consistently provided and can be utilised to better monitor work efficiency in the workplace. The sub-construction programme aims to streamline the coordination phase between the back office and the field, ensuring that regular updates are regularly provided and that project managers can respond efficiently to reduce delays. If the project timeline is the number-one priority of a project manager during development, the costs are certainly an immediate second to watch. Cost management ensures that the project is carried out under the budget agreed.
2.14 Literature Gap
Hempcrete is a widely variable composition and ingredient, although environmentally safe and superior as an isolation medium. For instance, the right packing is necessary to achieve optimum honesty and bonding, because of the high level of emptiness inside hempcrete. Hempcrete often has a thermal efficiency that is based largely on the density of the final cured component, which means that greater regulation is needed in this field than concrete. Baton is commonly used in manufacturing since it is low cost, fast to manufacture and extremely robust. It consists of a blend of aggregates, commonly natural sand, gravel and broken rocks. The unit may be connected with calcium aluminium cement and water, or with hydraulic cement or blocks of cement. Set an unbelievably durable composite of superb compression, wave, water and fire capabilities. It also enhances building energy quality thanks to its heat-retention capability. It’s well soundproofed, too. The form needed for the construction is easily modelled. It is therefore simple to patch and it is easy to spray asphalt on holes or other damaging areas. The concrete spray may often be used at places that are impossible to access, such as within caves. Batons may be collected and used as granular fillings and less and less waste or discarded cement is sent to waste dumps.
2.15 Conclusion
The building project managers will create a plan to ensure that supplies are accessible as necessary on the worksite. If the building starts, if the material is all shipped to the site, they might take up too much room. Many subcontracting companies provide their supplies for supplying building ships to different facility outside the workplace. The supplies are here sorted and delivered to the workplace as required that day. The maintenance of material storage outside the work site facilitates the transport of the goods to the worksite every day. If the pre-building process is finished in great detail, new development designs during the construction phase need not be created. However, times occur when the application demands a modification or when unexpected situations exist that include a shift in the original nature of the project. Project managers can work to mitigate the need for improvement by a careful examination of the worksite and working environment, adequate risk identification during the pre-construction and project stages and the fulfilment of regulatory specifications and necessary approvals received before the start of work. The planner, consultant, engineer or project owner may be responsible for the changes. If construction has started it is ideal to implement the project plan, with any modifications required directly by the owner of the project. Project managers need to incorporate a change management plan to oversee the phase of design modification, ensuring that any design modification is checked for protection and performance criteria and that consumer charges for the modification accordingly.
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